araC14 Mutation in regulatory gene of ara operon. Blocks arabinose catabolism. deoR Regulatory gene for deo operon. Allows uptake of large plasmids. endA1 Mutation in enzyme I gene. Improves quality of isolated plasmid DNA. F – Strain does not contain an F' episome. F' Strain contains an F' episome. galK Mutation in galactokinase gene. Blocks catabolism of galactose. gyrA96 Mutation in DNA gyrase gene. Confers resistance to nalidixic acid. hflA150 Mutation leads to greatly enhanced frequency of lysogenization with lambda phages containing a wild type repressor (cl) gene. lacIq Mutation leads to high levels of the lac repressor protein, inhibiting transcription from the lac promoter. lacY Mutation in galactoside permease gene. Blocks lactose utilization. lacZDeltaM15,
Delta(lacZ)M15Partial deletion of beta-galactosidase gene. Allows blue/white selection for recombinant colonies when plated on X-Gal/IPTG. leuB Mutation in beta-isopropyl malate dehydrogenase gene. Strains require leucine for growth on minimal media. Delta(lon) Deletion of lon protease gene. Reduces proteolysis of expressed fusion proteins. metB Mutation in cystathionine gama-synthase gene. Strains require methionine for growth on minimal media. mtl1 Mutation in mannitol metabolism gene. Blocks catabolism of mannitol. P1 P1 bacteriophage proAB Mutation in proline metabolism genes. Strains require proline for growth on minimal media. recA1, recA13 Mutation in general recombination gene. relA Relaxed phenotype, mutation eliminating stringent factor. Allows RNA synthesis in the absence of protein synthesis. recB, recC Mutation in exonuclease V gene. Reduces general recombination and affects repair of radiation damage. rpsL Mutation in subunit S12 of 30S ribosome gene. Confers resistance to streptomycin. sbcB Mutation in exonuclease I gene. Allows general recombination in recBC mutant strains. supE Suppressor of amber (UAG) mutation. supF Suppressor of amber (UAG) mutation. thi1 Mutation in thiamine metabolism gene. Strains require thiamine for growth on minimal media. Tn5 Transposon conferring resistance to kanamycin. Tn10 Transposon conferring resistance to tetracycline. tonA Mutation in outer membrane protein gene. Confers resistance to bacteriophage T1. traD36 Mutation in transfer factor gene. Prevents transfer of F episome. xyl5 Mutation in xylose metabolism gene. Blocks catabolism of xylose. For less common genetic markers, see
Bachmann, B.J., Microbiological Reviews, 54, 130-197, 1990.
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